Coking process.



L. L. SUMMERS.

GOKING PROCESS.

' APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9, 1909. v 935,31 Y5; menm Seg1i3.28,1909.

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L. L. SUMMERS. coxme moms.- APPLIOATIOH'IILED FEB. 9 1909.

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Patented Sept.28,1909.

L. L. SUMMERS.

- GOKING PROCESS.

APILZOATION FILED FEB. 9, 1909.

r Patented Se t. 28, 1909.

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L. LSUMMERSH comm Pnoonss.

AFPLIGATION FILED FEB. 9, 1909. v v

'Patenfied Sept. 28, 1909 7 SHEETS-SHEET 4 Wf/rJS? f L. L. SUMMERS.

ooxme PROCESS. 7 APPLICATION FILED FBB.'9, 1909 Patented Sept. 28, 1909.

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L. L. SUMMERS.

GOKING PROCESS.

APPLICATION FILED P313. 9, 1909 7 935,. 1 Patented Sept. 28, 1909.

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L. L. SUMMERS.

comm PROCESS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9, 1909. 935, 1 75, Patented Sept. 28, 1909.

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2 v HM hection with a so-called by-product-typc of .and treated for their by-products.

Luann L. SUMMERS, on c'mcaeo,

ELLINGIQ.

CGKING 'E'RUCESS.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

El a-tented s ept. 2%, 599ml.

7 Application filed February 9,-180Si. Serial No. 476,892.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that I, LELAND L. SUMMnns, a citizen. of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of (look and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coking lirrnesscs, Of

which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide an im Jroved coking process, and among other eatures of construction and operation, to provide. a means for depositing the carbon in the coke, which is ordinarily carried away in the -"hydrocarbon gases or so-callcd volatile matter. In order to accomplish this result. I construct my oven sothat the volatile matter distilled from the coal is forced to pass through incandescent coal or coke having a higher temperature. whereby the vol atile matters are decomposed by the high temperature, causing a certain proportion of the carbon to adhere to the highly heated coal or coke, thereby cementing the particles of'coal or coke more firmly together.

{ Preferably my invention is used in con-.

oven in which the gases distilled from the coal in the process of coking are recovered it desired, however, the gases, after passing through the highly heated coal or coke, may be dischar ed to the atmosphere. In general, I pre or to use a type of oven in which the coal is charged at. one end and the coke dischai ged at the opposite end. The coal,

35 being subjected to a. very high temperature throughout its passage Hi this type oi oven \vill, owing to its prolonged heating. result in a much higher temperature of the coke at the discharge end than the coal will have in the charging end. Preferably, the oven is heated over its entire length.

In the drawings-l ignre l is a plan vieu" partly in section on [the line 1 of Fig. 3, this View showing the arrangenu-nt of the heating lines. Fig. 2 is a section oi the empty oven on the line 2 oi Fig. 5-5, showing the floor of the retorts and part of the movable tile floor. Fig. 3 is a. vertical section on the line 3 oi Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical section on the line. t of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a planview of part of the conyeycr tiles at the discharge end of the iurnticm- Fig. (i is a detail view oi the. connection between the coi'n'eycr tiles. Fig. 7 ais a transverse line 8 of Fig. 3. Fig. 9 is a'broken longitudinal sectional elevation upon the lines 9. S) of Fig. 10, showing another form of furnace. Fig. l() is a. transverse section on the line 10 ct l ig. E). Fig.1] is a horizontal'section of the empty oven on the line 11 of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a;fragmentary view of the sealed outlet. 7 i

While I have illustrated specific embodiments oi an oven adapted to the use of my impri ed process it- Will be apparent that the process may be carried out inovcns varying t'rom the specific types illustrated, and that any desired number of ovens may be arranged in series in the manner illustrated in connectionwith the two parallel ovens shown. 7

Generally speaking the apparatus illustrated iii-Figs. 1 to 8 comprises two parallel coke ovens, a furnace, the products of combnstion arising from which circulate around the top and sides of the ovens, mechanism for i'eeding the. carlmnaceous matter-progressively through the retorts or ovens from end to end, and a suitable arrangement of ducts for conducting the which distil at the lower temperature cnd oi? the retorts through the more highly heated coke adjacent. the discharge end.

Referring to Fig. 1 the products of combustion rising from the furnace 1 pass through the ducts 2 over the top of the retorts into the longitudinal passage 3, thence back through the adjoining ducts 2 to the opposite longitudinal passage 4, and so on to and fro across the furnace until they finally escape through the pipe 5. 'l he longitudinal passages 2-3 and 4, as shown in the drawing, are provided with bullies (5 for the purpose of compelling the products of combustion from the furnace to circulate back and forth over the retorts. Upon reference. to Fig. 7 it. will he observed that the.

ducts 3 are. separated from the interior of J the retort. by comparatively thick walls, thus causing the radiation of heat to the retort to be principally in a vertical direction from the ducts 2. For the purpose oi conserving the heat the retorts are preferably incloscd within an arch -Z. Across the charging end of the furnace is a; hopper 8 to re: ceive the coal and a plunge. q actuated by a hydraulic cylinder 10 serves to force the coal andfcokc through. the retort toward the 11' discharge end.

In order to overcome the ditlicnlty which without. some form of conveyor sometimes arises in attempting to force a body of coal and coke through a long retort l have provided a conveyor in the form of a movable tile floor 11. The side walls of the retort are preferablyundercut at their bases, as shown in F 1g, 4, and the conveyor tiles are longer than the width of the body of the retort and project into the undercut spaces at the bases of the side walls. The tiles forming the conveyer are bound together, in the present instance by means of pipes 12. The pipes 12 are joined together at the discharge end of the tile conveyor and are/kept cool by the circulation of cooling water therethrough, which in connection with the location ot the pipes in the grooves 13 at the bases of the undercut portions of the side walls atl'ords protection against the heat ot the retort. The pipes 12 may engage the conveyor tiles it by means of lugs 25 projecting upwardly into grooves in the edges thereof. 'lhese lugs may conveniently consist of the projecting ends ot bands bolted about the pipes 12.

Cooperating with the tile conveyor floor and secured thereto is the plunger lat of a hydraulic cylinder 15. v In operating the de- -,vice to teed coal and coke therethrough from the charging hopper 8 to the quenching trough to, the phingers l t and t) are drawn outwardly in the order named, thus permitting coal to drop from the hopper 8 in front of the plunger t), and drawing back the tile conveyor floor ll, which is secured to the plunger 14. Both plungers are then simultaneously moved inward thereby propelling the material along the retort partially by reason ot the direct pressure of the plunger 9 thereon, and partially by. the movement of the tile conveyor floor 11. The plunger 14 is then moved outwardly, thus drawing. the conveycr lioor to initial. position, during which operation the plunger 9 remains stationary in its inward position, thus preventing the i'natt-nrial from moving outward with the conveyor. The plunger 9 is then moved outward to permit. a further supply of coal to descend from the hopper S whereupon both plunger-s are sin'niltaneously moved inward. In this manner the coal is continuously fed I forward in the even without undue pressure being exerted on the walls of the oven, and a continuous feed is obtained without permitting the coal to be disturbed or crumbled, as is the case when a fragile coal is used such as the tile conveyor floor above described. It will be observed that the material adjacent the charging end of the retort is under greater amount of material between pressure than that adjacent the discharge communication is provided through the tile fact the coke adjacent the discharge end as sumes a more open texture thus permitting the gases distilled at the charging end. to have intimate access to all parts of the coke adjacent the discharge end.

In order .to subject the coke at the high temperature orv discharge end of the oven to the action of the gases distilled at a lower temperature from the coal at the charging end I provide the fixed floor 17 f0' about 7 half its length at the discharge end with longitudinal grooves 18, and from the bases of these grooves apertures 19 communicate with ducts 20 below the stationary floor. The ducts 20, as formed in the specific em- 3 bodiment of the oven illustrated, open at one end into a header 21 through which they communicate with an outlet pipe 22 which may discharge into the atmosphere or into any suitable a1.)paratus for storing or 8 treating the discharged gases. Preferably a slight suction is maintained in the discharge pipe 522 to induce a circulation of gases downward through the heated coal or coke in the discharge end of the oven.

The forward or discharge portion of the tile conveyor floor is provided with openings 24 registering with the grooves 18 in the Stationary floor. By this means continuous conveyor and stationary [1001' from the inside ofthe oven to the ducts 2t) regardless oi? the position otthe tile conveyor floor.

The quenching trough 16 may be equipped with any suitable form of conveyor for carrying away the coke and coal which may be supplied to the hopper 8 from cars or a conveyor. In order to sealthe retorts against access or atmosphericoxygen the quenching trough is preferably covered over as illustrated and the conveyer shown in Fig. 12 conmumicates with the exterior of the trough through aclosely fitting conduit The steam arisingi rom the contact of the quenching sprays with the hot coke gives rise to an outward current through the conveyer conduit which eflieetually prevents access of atmospheric air. I guard against the entrance of air into the retort's for the. reason that if atmospheric air were permitted to enter its oxygen would combine with the carbon libe 'ated from the distilled gases thus preventing the deposition of the carbon in the coke and the desired cementing action. I 1

In operation the furnace 1 will be fired and the products of combustion therefrom passing through the hollow tiles 2 from the discharge end to the charging end of the oven will impart the requisite heat for the coking process. The gases distilled -t'roni the coal at the charging end of the oven, designat'ed in Fig. 3 by the letter A. will rise to the upper part of the oven, as indicated by the arrows, and pass along beneath the roof 'I vhave carried out my improved process suc '-essfully I desire to have it understood that the process itself not restricted to the particular forms of apparatus herein described, and that the process might be carried out in. widely different forms of apparatus Without departing from the spirit of my original invention. In some instances it may be found desirable to use hydrocarbon gases derived from other sources than the coal being treated for securing the cementing 'actiou described, such hydroearbongases being used as supplementary to the gases l1ber-.

ated from the coal in theretort. I therefore consider that the use of hydrocarbon gases derived from other sources than the coal in the retorts is included within the scope of my invention.

I claim:

1. The process of coking, which comprises the steps of heating carbonaceous i naterial in a closed retort, feeding said material hereihrough from end to end, conducting the gases distilled from the codler-freshly charged. material through the hotter pre-' vionsly charged and carbonated material in a direction parallel to the direction of radiation of heat to said material," the movement and coking of said material being conducted contimwusly and With exclusion of air.

2. The process of coking, Which comprises the steps of heating carbonaceous material 111 a-closed retort, feeding said mater1althererial and across the line of travel of said ma terial, the movement and coking of said material being conducted continuously and vwith exclusion of air.

3. The process of coking, which comprises the steps of heating carbonaceous material in a closed retort by radiation of heat thereto in a vertical direction, feeding sai'd material through said retort -tron] 'end to end, conducting the gases distilled from-the cooler freshly charged material vertically throughthe hotter previously charged and carbonated material, the. movement and coking of througl'i from end to end, compelling the' gases distilled from the cooler freshly 1 charged material to pass through the hotterv previously charged and carbonated mate,

said matrial being" conducted "continuously and with exclusion ofair.

In testimony whereofil have subscribed r my name. i.

Witnesses:

Enr'rne M. ANDERSON, HENRY A. PARKS. 

